{"id":60610,"date":"2017-10-09T11:06:04","date_gmt":"2017-10-09T16:06:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ethiopanorama.com\/?p=60610"},"modified":"2017-10-09T11:11:04","modified_gmt":"2017-10-09T16:11:04","slug":"%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%9b%e1%88%ad%e1%8a%9b-%e1%8a%a8%e1%8a%ad%e1%88%ad%e1%88%b5%e1%89%b6%e1%88%b5-%e1%88%8d%e1%8b%b0%e1%89%b5-%e1%89%a0%e1%8d%8a%e1%89%b5-%e1%8b%ae%e1%8d%8d%e1%89%b3%e1%88%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ethiopanorama.com\/?p=60610","title":{"rendered":"\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u12a8\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1276\u1235 \u120d\u12f0\u1275 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u2013 \u12ee\u134d\u1273\u1214"},"content":{"rendered":"

October 9, 2017 <\/span>| <\/span> Posted by: \u12d8-\u1210\u1260\u123b<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1325\u1295\u1273\u12ca \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1308\u1293 \u121d\u1291\u121d \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1290\u12ab\u121d\u1362 \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u1270\u1243\u1325\u120f\u120d\u1363 \u12c8\u12f5\u121f\u120d\u1362 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u1270\u1228\u1348\u12cd \u1270\u12d8\u122d\u134f\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u1260\u12cd\u132d \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u1228\u1348\u12cd \u1260\u12e8\u1266\u1273\u12cd \u12a0\u1208\u1362 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1270\u1270\u122d\u1309\u121e\u1293 \u1208\u121d\u122d\u121d\u122d \u12a0\u1218\u127a \u1260\u1206\u1290 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u1338\u1210\u134d\u1275\u1293 \u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12f0\u122d\u1231\u1260\u1275 \u1206\u1296 \u1208\u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u12a0\u120d\u1240\u1228\u1260\u121d\u1362<\/p>\n

\u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f5 \u1273\u12cb\u1242\u1293 \u201c\u1273\u12cb\u1242 \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1291\u201d \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1301 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1271 \u1225\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u1262\u1296\u1229\u121d \u12c8\u12ed \u12a0\u120d\u12f0\u1228\u1235\u1295\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1260\u1240\u1240\u1295 Eurocentric \u201c\u1348\u1228\u1295\u1306\u127d\u201d \u12e8\u1230\u1321\u1295\u1295 \u1265\u127b \u12ed\u12d8\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u132e\u1205 \u1270\u1320\u121d\u12f0\u1293\u120d\u1362 \u120c\u120b\u12cd\u1295\u121d \u1262\u1206\u1295 \u12a5\u1290\u1231 \u12a5\u1235\u12aa\u1230\u1321\u1295 (\u1260\u120c\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u133b\u1349\u1275\u1295 \u120b\u1208\u1218\u1240\u1260\u120d \u12c8\u1235\u1290\u1295) \u12a5\u12e8\u1320\u1260\u1245\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n

\u12a8\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1325\u1295\u1273\u12ca \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1260\u12e8\u12a0\u1308\u1229 \u1270\u1260\u1275\u1296 \u1260\u130d\u1208\u1230\u1266\u127d \u12a5\u1305\u1363 \u1260\u12e8\u1219\u12da\u12e8\u1219\u1293 \u1260\u12e8\u1264\u1270\u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1271 \u00a0\u1235\u1208\u121a\u1308\u129d \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12f0\u122b\u1232\u1363 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1320\u1262\u1265 \u1225\u122b \u1270\u1320\u1243\u120e \u12a5\u1235\u12ab\u1201\u1295 \u120a\u1240\u122d\u1265 \u12a0\u120d\u127b\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u130a\u12dc\u121d \u12a0\u12ed\u1240\u122d\u1265\u121d\u1362 \u1208\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1290\u12cd \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u122b\u1233\u127d\u1295 \u1263\u1208\u1264\u1276\u1279 \u12e8\u1206\u1295\u1290\u12cd \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u1235\u1208\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1260\u12e8\u130a\u12dc\u12cd \u12a0\u12f3\u12f2\u1235 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1218\u1235\u121b\u1273\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u1218\u12f0 \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u121d\u1293\u120d\u1263\u1275 \u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1270 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u1270\u121e\u12a8\u1228 \u1218\u120d\u12ab\u121d \u1325\u1228\u1275 \u1262\u1296\u122d \u12f0\u122d\u130d \u1309\u12f3\u12e9\u1295 \u1270\u1228\u12f5\u1276\u1275 \u12ed\u1201\u1295 \u1208\u122b\u1231 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1245\u1218\u12cd\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u121d\u1228\u1325 \u1270\u12ad\u1208\u133b\u12f5\u1245 \u1218\u12a9\u122a\u12eb\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12a0\u1308\u122b\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u120b\u12ad \u12eb\u1230\u1263\u1230\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1218\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d\u1293 \u12e8\u12da\u12eb \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u12e8\u1206\u1291\u1275 \u1325\u1242\u1275 \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1362 \u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231\u121d \u1260\u12a0\u132d\u122d \u130a\u12dc \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1301\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u12e8\u1245\u122d\u1261\u1295\u1293 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1271\u1295 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca\u1293 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u12cd\u1323\u12cd\u1228\u12f5 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1271 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n

\u12a8\u12da\u1201 \u130b\u122d \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 (\u12e8\u130d\u12a5\u12dd) \u134a\u12f0\u120b\u1275 \u1260\u121a\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1308\u122b\u127d\u1295\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1260\u12cd\u132d\u00a0\u1338\u1210\u134d\u1275 \u1232\u133b\u134d \u12e8\u1296\u1228\u12cd \u1273\u122a\u12ad (\u12a8\u1325\u1242\u1276\u127d \u1260\u1240\u122d) \u12e8\u1270\u12db\u1263 \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u1233\u134b\u122a \u1290\u1260\u122d \u1262\u1263\u120d \u121b\u130b\u1290\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u121d\u1362 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u134a\u12f0\u120b\u1275 \u12a0\u1218\u1323\u1325\u1293 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u121a\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275 \u12a8\u12a5\u129b \u1338\u1210\u134d\u1275 \u12ed\u120d\u1245 \u12e8\u12cd\u132d \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1220\u122f\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1209 \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1265\u120e \u12a0\u134d \u121e\u120d\u1276 \u1218\u1293\u1308\u122d \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1295 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0 \u1260 2001\u00a0Gabriella F. Scelta \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1209 \u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a\u00a0<\/strong>\u12e8\u1273\u1270\u1218 \u12e8\u1325\u1293\u1275 \u12c8\u1228\u1240\u1275 (The Comparative Origin and<\/p>\n

Usage of the Ge\u2019ez writing\u00a0system of Ethiopia)\u00a0<\/strong>\u12a8\u1225\u122d \u1270\u12eb\u12ed\u12de \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n

\u12a8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u1263\u1208\u1219\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12ed\u1205\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1230\u1208 \u133d\u1211\u134d \u1260\u1235\u1295\u1276\u127d \u1240\u122d\u1266 \u12a0\u1295\u1265\u1260\u1293\u120d? \u1218\u120d\u1231 \u130d\u120d\u133d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1206\u1296\u121d \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u134a\u12f0\u120b\u1275 \u12a0\u1218\u1323\u1325\u1293 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u1260\u121a\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275 \u12e8\u12f6\/\u122d \u12a0\u12e8\u1208 \u1260\u12a8\u122a \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d (Ethiopic, an African Writing System: Its History and Principles) \u134b\u1293 \u12c8\u130a \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u1218\u1218\u1235\u12a8\u122d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1240\u12f0\u121d \u1232\u120d \u12e8\u1320\u1240\u1235\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a\u121d \u12e8\u12f6\/\u122d \u12a0\u12e8\u1208 \u1260\u12a8\u122a\u1295 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u1323\u1240\u123b \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1219\u1260\u1275 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12ed\u1218\u1235\u120b\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n

Gabriella F. Scelta \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb (\u12e8\u130d\u12a5\u12dd) \u134a\u12f0\u120b\u1275\u1295 \u12a8\u120c\u120e\u127d\u00a0\u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121b\u127d\u1295 \u134a\u12f0\u120b\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u1260\u121b\u12c8\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u12d3\u120b\u121b\u127d\u1295 \u134a\u12f0\u120b\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u1265\u127b (\u12e8\u12f5\u121d\u1345 \u12cd\u12ad\u120d\u1293) \u1232\u1296\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u130d\u12a5\u12dd \u134a\u12f0\u120b\u1275 5 \u1228\u1242\u1245 \u1263\u1215\u122a\u12eb\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u1218\u1325\u1240\u1235 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121b\u127d\u1295 \u134a\u12f0\u120b\u1275 (\u120b\u1272\u1295\u1295 \u1328\u121d\u122e) \u12e8\u130d\u12a5\u12dd\u1295 \u134a\u12f0\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121d\u1233\u120c (\u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121e\u12f4\u120d) \u1260\u1218\u12cd\u1230\u12f5 \u134a\u12f0\u120b\u1276\u127b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1235\u1270\u12ab\u12ad\u1209 (\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u12ca\u12cd \u120b\u1272\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0\u1325\u1295\u1271 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1218\u1208\u1235) \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u120d\u1265 \u1210\u1233\u1265 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u121b\u1245\u1228\u1265 \u12f0\u122d\u1230\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1235\u1295\u1275 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u1338\u1210\u134d\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12cd\u1240\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u1263\u1262 \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n

\u120c\u120b\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\u1295 \u124b\u1295\u124b \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u12a8\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1276\u1235 \u120d\u12f0\u1275 120 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1240\u12f5\u121e \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1260\u1235\u134b\u1275 \u12ed\u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u1228 \u130d\u122a\u12ab\u12ca\u12cd \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u120d\u12ad \u12d3\u121d\u12f5\u122d \u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a \u12a0\u130b\u1273\u122d\u12aa\u12f0\u1235 \u1275\u1277\u1278\u12cd \u12ab\u1208\u1348 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f1\u00a0\u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1230\u1293 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12e8\u12cd\u132d \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275 (\u12a0\u120d\u134e \u1270\u122d\u134e \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12a2\u1295\u1233\u12ed\u12ad\u120e\u1352\u12f2\u12eb\u12ce\u127d) \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a5\u122d\u1231\u1295 \u12a5\u12e8\u1320\u1240\u1231 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\u1295 \u121d\u1295\u132d \u12a8\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1276\u1235 \u120d\u12f0\u1275 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u1232\u1218\u1230\u12ad\u1229 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u12db\u122c \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u1219\u12eb\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1270\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u121d \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca \u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1338\u1210\u134a \u12ed\u1205\u1295 \u1232\u1320\u1245\u1235 \u1273\u12ed\u1276\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1270\u1230\u121d\u1276 \u12eb\u1208\u1218\u1273\u12c8\u1241 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12a8\u1270\u1233\u1233\u1275\u12a9 \u1208\u1218\u1273\u1228\u121d \u12dd\u130d\u1301 \u1290\u129d\u1362<\/p>\n

\u1232\u1300\u1218\u122d \u12a0\u130b\u1273\u122d\u12aa\u12f0\u1235 \u122b\u1231 \u1273\u12cb\u1242 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u130d\u122a\u12ab\u12ca\u00a0\u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u120d\u12ad\u12d3\u121d\u12f5\u122d \u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a \u12a8\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u133d\u1211\u134e\u127d\u1295 \u1275\u1276 \u12eb\u1208\u1348 \u1230\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12a8\u1290\u12da\u1205\u121d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d\u00a0Ta kata ten Asian\u00a0(Affairs in Asia) \u1260\u121a\u120d\u00a0\u122d\u12d5\u1235 10 \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275\u1363 Ta kata ten Europen\u00a0 (Affairs in Europe\u00a0) \u1260\u121a\u120d 49 \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d Peri tes Erythras thalasses (On the Erythraean Sea) \u1260\u121a\u120d 5 \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275\u1295 \u1275\u1276 \u12a0\u120d\u134f\u120d\u1362 \u12a8\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1201\u1209 \u1235\u1208\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u1240\u1295\u12f5\u1293 \u1240\u12ed\u1263\u1215\u122d\u1295 \u1235\u1208\u121a\u12cb\u1230\u1291\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u133b\u1348\u12cd 5\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u127d\u121d \u1309\u12f3\u1275 \u1233\u12ed\u12f0\u122d\u1235\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1298 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12a0\u130b\u1273\u122d\u12aa\u12f0\u1235 \u1235\u1208\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u12e8\u1320\u1240\u1230\u12cd \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12cd \u201c\u12ab\u121b\u122b\/K\/Camara\u201d\u1270\u1265\u120e \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1320\u122b\u1293\u00a0\u12a5\u122d\u1231\u121d \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12cd\u1295 \u1270\u1208\u121b\u121d\u12f6 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u1228 \u12d8\u122d\u12dd\u122e \u12a0\u1235\u134d\u122f\u120d\u1362 \u121b\u1295 \u12ed\u1293\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u1364 \u121b\u1295 \u12eb\u122d\u12f3 \u12e8\u1240\u1260\u1228 \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n

\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u12a0\u130b\u1273\u122d\u12aa\u12f0\u1235 \u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275\u1293 \u1225\u122b\u12ce\u1279 \u1260\u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u130d\u122a\u12ad\u1293 \u122d\u121b\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u1320\u1260\u1265\u1275 (Diodorus Siculus<\/a>,\u00a0Strabo<\/a>,\u00a0Pliny the Elder<\/a>, Claudius Aelianus,\u00a0Josephus<\/a>)\u00a0\u1208\u1218\u1320\u1240\u1235 \u12e8\u1260\u1241 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n

\u1235\u1208\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u12e8\u133b\u1348\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u1275\u1295\u1239 \u1260\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1209\u1275 \u1240\u12f0\u121d\u1275 \u1215\u1275\u1218\u1276\u127d (\u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0 1833 \u12a0\u1293 \u12a8\u12da\u12eb \u12c8\u12f2\u1205) \u1270\u1320\u1245\u1236 \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u120d\u1362 \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12ce\u1279 \u1225\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12e8\u1219\u12eb\u12cd \u1265\u1243\u1275 \u1263\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1320\u1260\u1265\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12d8\u130b\u1301 \u12a2\u1295\u1233\u12ed\u12ad\u120e\u1352\u12f2\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u1218\u1228\u1303\u12cd\u1295 \u1270\u12a0\u121b\u1292\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1320\u1293\u12ad\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The Penny Cyclopedia of the society for diffusion of useful knowledge (1833). Vol I, p. 451<\/li>\n
  2. James Cowles Prichard (1837). Researches into the physical history of mankind (containing researches into the physical ethnography of the African races), Vol II (3rd<\/sup>\u00a0edition), p. 145<\/li>\n
  3. Charles Knight (1859). Arts and sciences: or, Fourth division of \u201cThe English encyclopedia\u201d, Vol I, p. 276<\/li>\n
  4. The national encyclopedia: A dictionary of universal knowledge (1879), Vol I (Liberary edition), p. 620<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u1235\u1208\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u1260\u12a0\u130b\u1273\u122d\u12aa\u12f0\u1235 \u12e8\u1270\u133b\u1348\u12cd\u1295 \u12ed\u1205\u1295 \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1245\u1231 \u1260\u1300\u122d\u1218\u1295\u1363 \u1260\u1323\u120a\u12eb\u1295\u1293 \u1260\u120c\u120e\u127d\u121d \u124b\u1295\u124b\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1301 \u1215\u1270\u1218\u1276\u127d \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n

    \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u120d\u1348\u12cd \u12e8\u1204\u12f1 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a0\u1209\u1362 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u1355\u122e\u134c\u1230\u122d \u126c\u1270\u122d\u00a0(Professor Vater)\u00a0\u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208 \u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a \u1235\u1208\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u1260\u12a0\u130b\u1273\u122d\u12aa\u12f0\u1235 \u12e8\u1270\u133b\u1348\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u121d\u1296 \u12a8\u1270\u1240\u1260\u1208 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12eb\u1295\u1295 \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1275 \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1260\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b \u124b\u1295\u124b \u12a0\u1290\u1223\u1235 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u122b\u1231\u1295 \u1225\u122b \u12a5\u1235\u12a8\u121b\u1245\u1228\u1265 \u12f0\u122d\u1237\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n

    \u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1271 \u12ed\u1205 \u1206\u1296 \u1233\u1208 \u1309\u12f3\u12e9 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca \u12e8\u124b\u1295\u124b \u1263\u1208\u1219\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12ed\u1205\u1295\u1295 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1260\u1225\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1208\u121d\u1295 \u12a0\u120d\u1320\u1240\u1231\u1275\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u12a5\u12eb\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f3\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u130d\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u120d\u1231\u1275 \u12ed\u1206\u1293\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n

    \u12a0\u12f2\u1231 \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u12f2\u1231 \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u1263\u1208\u1219\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u1270\u1240\u12f0\u12f0\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1266\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1231 \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u12e8\u1204\u12f1\u1260\u1275 \u1260\u1219\u12da\u12e8\u121e\u127d\u1363 \u1260\u1264\u1270\u1218\u133b\u1215\u134d\u1275\u1363 \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1235 \u1218\u1238\u132b\u12ce\u127d\u1293 \u12a8\u130d\u1208\u1230\u1266\u127d \u130b\u122d \u1260\u1218\u1270\u12cb\u12c8\u1245 \u1235\u1208\u12a0\u1308\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u12f3\u12f2\u1235 \u1218\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1348\u120b\u120d\u1309\u1363 \u12eb\u1308\u1299\u1275\u1295 \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1201\u1209 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1230\u1263\u1235\u1261\u1363 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1218\u1228\u121d\u1229\u1293 \u1233\u12ed\u1348\u1229\u1293 \u1233\u12eb\u134d\u1229 \u133d\u1348\u12cd \u1208\u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f1 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u12cd\u1241 \u12ed\u1320\u1260\u1245\u1263\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12a0\u1260\u1243\u1201!<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    October 9, 2017 | Posted by: \u12d8-\u1210\u1260\u123b   \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1325\u1295\u1273\u12ca \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1308\u1293 \u121d\u1291\u121d \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1290\u12ab\u121d\u1362 \u12a0\u1265\u12db\u129b\u12cd \u1270\u1243\u1325\u120f\u120d\u1363 \u12c8\u12f5\u121f\u120d\u1362 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u1270\u1228\u1348\u12cd \u1270\u12d8\u122d\u134f\u120d\u1362   \u1260\u12cd\u132d \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u1228\u1348\u12cd \u1260\u12e8\u1266\u1273\u12cd \u12a0\u1208\u1362 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1270\u1270\u122d\u1309\u121e\u1293 \u1208\u121d\u122d\u121d\u122d \u12a0\u1218\u127a \u1260\u1206\u1290 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u1338\u1210\u134d\u1275\u1293 \u1270\u1218\u122b\u121b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12f0\u122d\u1231\u1260\u1275 \u1206\u1296 \u1208\u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u12a0\u120d\u1240\u1228\u1260\u121d\u1362 \u1260\u120c\u120b \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f5 \u1273\u12cb\u1242\u1293 \u201c\u1273\u12cb\u1242 \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1291\u201d \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1301 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1271 \u1225\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u1262\u1296\u1229\u121d \u12c8\u12ed \u12a0\u120d\u12f0\u1228\u1235\u1295\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1260\u1240\u1240\u1295 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":60613,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archive"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ethiopanorama.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/Amharic-1.png?fit=296%2C170&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ethiopanorama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ethiopanorama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ethiopanorama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ethiopanorama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ethiopanorama.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=60610"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ethiopanorama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60612,"href":"https:\/\/ethiopanorama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60610\/revisions\/60612"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ethiopanorama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/60613"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ethiopanorama.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=60610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ethiopanorama.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=60610"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ethiopanorama.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=60610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}