May 25, 2026
The recent discussions regarding Somaliland’s reported diplomatic engagement with Israel, specifically, conversations about opening a Somaliland embassy office in Jerusalem and expanding bilateral relations, have sparked strong reactions from some Islamic and Arab governments. Critics question the wisdom and implications of this move, while supporters view it as a practical step toward advancing Somaliland’s long-standing pursuit of international recognition. To understand this debate, it is essential to examine the historical background of Somaliland, its international status, and the broader context of its relations with Israel.
The historical foundations of Somaliland date back to the colonial era. During the late nineteenth century, the territory now known as Somaliland became the British Somaliland Protectorate under the administration of the United Kingdom. For decades, British Somaliland existed separately from the former Italian-administered territories in southern Somalia. The two regions had distinct colonial systems, administrative structures, legal traditions, and political experiences.
On June 26, 1960, British Somaliland gained independence from the United Kingdom and became the independent State of Somaliland. During this brief period of sovereignty, Somaliland received recognition from numerous countries. Historical discussions often state that more than thirty nations recognized the new state, including several permanent members of the international community at the time. This period is frequently emphasized by supporters of Somaliland’s statehood argument, who maintain that Somaliland already achieved independence and international recognition before voluntarily entering into union with the former Italian Somalia.
Only five days after independence, on July 1, 1960, Somaliland united with the Trust Territory of Somalia, formerly administered by Italy, creating what became known as the Somali Republic. The union was driven by aspirations of Somali unity and the dream of bringing together Somali-inhabited territories in the Horn of Africa. Many citizens viewed the union as a historic opportunity for pan-Somali cooperation and state-building.
However, according to many Somaliland perspectives, challenges within the union emerged over time. Political power increasingly became centralized, and dissatisfaction grew among segments of the northern population. Concerns developed regarding political representation, distribution of resources, and governance structures. Tensions intensified during the military government that came to power after the 1969 coup led by Mohamed Siad Barre.
The civil conflict during the late 1980s became a defining period in Somaliland’s modern political identity. Many Somalilanders describe this era as one marked by severe conflict and destruction, especially in major cities. The conflict culminated in large-scale devastation in northern regions and deepened political grievances. Following the collapse of the Somali state in 1991, Somaliland declared that it had restored the sovereignty it had briefly held in 1960 rather than creating a completely new state.
On May 18, 1991, Somaliland declared the restoration of its independence. Since then, it has developed its own institutions of government, security structures, electoral system, judiciary, and administrative framework. Supporters often argue that Somaliland represents one of the more stable political environments in the Horn of Africa. Over the past three decades, multiple six presidential elections and transfers of power have taken place through political processes rather than armed conflict.
Somaliland’s democratic experience has become a key aspect of its case on the international stage. Supporters often highlight that several presidents have been elected through competitive campaigns involving political parties. The transition of power from one administration to another through voting processes is regarded by many as a significant achievement in a region often plagued by political instability and surrounded by dictatorial regimes.
Despite these developments, Somaliland has not yet obtained broad international recognition as a sovereign state. For more than three decades, Somaliland governments have approached countries across Africa, the Middle East, Europe, and North America seeking diplomatic recognition. Throughout this period, Somaliland supporters argue that many Islamic and Arab countries have maintained cautious or limited engagement despite repeated appeals.
Within this context, some Somaliland observers have argued that Somaliland should broaden its diplomatic strategy and seek relationships with states willing to engage politically, economically, or strategically. From this perspective, cooperation with Israel is considered part of a wider foreign policy approach based on national interests and international partnerships.
The historical relationship between Somaliland and Israel is often discussed through interpretations of early recognition narratives and broader geopolitical interests. Supporters of closer ties argue that Israel has historically shown willingness to engage with emerging or strategically located states. Somaliland occupies a significant geographic position along the Gulf of Aden and near one of the world’s most important maritime trade routes. This strategic location has increasingly attracted international attention.
Some supporters also argue that international politics is primarily driven by strategic interests rather than ideology. They believe Somaliland should pursue partnerships with countries prepared to support its aspirations regardless of broader regional political pressures. From this viewpoint, diplomatic relations should be judged according to national interests and long-term development goals.
At the same time, the issue of Israel remains highly sensitive across the Islamic world. Many Muslim-majority countries strongly support the Palestinian cause and regard the status of Jerusalem as a matter of religious and political importance. Consequently, any diplomatic initiative involving Israel can generate emotional and political reactions.
Supporters of Somaliland–Israel relations argue that friendship and alliances are often tested during difficult periods. They maintain that countries that engage Somaliland during periods of diplomatic isolation deserve consideration as strategic partners. In their view, Somaliland should pursue international relations guided by pragmatism and the objective of securing recognition and development opportunities.
Ultimately, the international system operates through evolving alliances, strategic interests, and changing geopolitical realities. Somaliland’s pursuit of recognition remains one of the longest unresolved political questions in the Horn of Africa. Whether Somaliland expands its diplomatic outreach toward Israel and other countries, or prioritizes strengthening ties with the Arab and Islamic world, remains a subject of continuing debate.
History often demonstrates that international relations evolve over time. Decisions considered controversial in one era sometimes become accepted reality in another. As Somaliland continues its search for recognition and international engagement, the direction of its diplomacy will likely remain an important issue in regional and global discussions for years to come.
Engineer Abdi Ali Barkhad is a senior consultant, a political analyst and writer. He has been writing detailed commentary on the politics of the Horn of Africa and international relations. He can be reached at : tra50526@gmail.com
Editor’s Note : Views in the article do not necessarily reflect the views of borkena.com
__
Join our Telegram Channel : t.me/borkena
Like borkena on Facebook
To submit Press Release, send submission to info@borkena.com
Add your business to Ethiopian Business Listing / Ethiopian Business Directory
Join the conversation. Follow us on X (Formerly Twitter) @zborkenato get the latest Ethiopian News updates regularly.
To Support Borkena : https://borkena.com/subscribe-borkena/ – one time support or small monthly options available. Inquire information about it : info@borkena.com